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What the Bible says about Ethnos
(From Forerunner Commentary)

Matthew 24:6-7

The wording implies an expected increase in conflicts due to the stresses of the time leading up to the end. In other words, amplified contention is a precursor of the end time. His comments specify wars between nations and kingdoms, but John's description in Revelation 6:3-4 expands this out to "people . . . kill[ing] one another." This suggests that this horseman not only deals in mass destruction in civil, border, and world wars, but also in smaller conflicts down to individual murders. Thus, the second seal also covers rising violent crime, gang activity, mob hits, assassinations, family feuds of the Hatfield-McCoy variety, and personal disputes that turn violent.

In saying "wars and rumors of wars," Jesus seems to be saying that some wars will be threatened yet not fought. This is not the sense of the Greek, however. The word translated "rumors" (akoé) is the common Greek word for "sense of hearing" (in the active sense) or "report" (in the passive sense). Jesus really means that we will hear the noise of war with our own ears and we will also hear reports of wars occurring elsewhere. In other words, wars will be taking place all over the world!

Immediately, He cautions us not to let such reports trouble us; that is, He tells us not to let the constant wars cause us to panic. Typically, if a person becomes panicky, his fight-or-flight response kicks in, and his brain shuts down. Our Savior wants us to keep our wits about us because "the end is not yet." Regrettably, war is a natural, human activity, so an abundance of war and violence is not by itself a definitive sign of the end. Certainly, the end time will be one of terrible warfare, but many other factors must fall into place before we conclude that we are living at the close of the age.

Jesus then specifies that "nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom." Looking at this from today's perspective, we might think He is repeating Himself, but He actually makes a distinction between ethnic warfare ("nation" = éthnos)—wars between different peoples—and political warfare ("kingdom" = basileia)—wars between realms or nation-states. Oftentimes, the former are civil wars within a nation comprised of various ethnic groups, such as the former Yugoslavia. The latter, then, are what we call international conflicts like the recent Gulf Wars. Jesus' distinction tells us that war is the norm both within nations and between them.

Richard T. Ritenbaugh
The Four Horsemen (Part Three): The Red Horse

Romans 2:26-28

"The uncircumcision," here referring to non-Israelites, is ethnos in Greek—those of a different ethnic background. Paul asks, "Shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?" as if he were an Israelite, and part of the Covenant. The one "who . . . [is] a transgressor the law" is the Jew or the Israelite.

Paul is carrying the pattern that God established through Israel to a clearly higher level than it had been before. The real Jew—Israelite—is what one is inwardly.What is he talking about? Spiritual conversion. This neatly ties with Galatians 3:26-29.

John W. Ritenbaugh
The Covenants, Grace, and Law (Part Eleven)

Revelation 11:2

God tells John particularly to "leave out" the court outside the Temple. Leave out, emphasized in Greek, means "to cast out" - not just "leave out" or "ignore." It implies, "Throw it out!" "Expel it!" It almost conveys a violent rejection of the outer court. The context suggests that this space, where anyone could go and gather, has nothing to do with the Temple except its proximity. It has nothing to do with God or the church.

In the symbolism, God tells John - and thus the Two Witnesses - that they should reject the world or perhaps less harshly, disregard it. The literal Greek rendering of casting, throwing, or ejecting that court is a bolder, sterner way of phrasing it.

This can have two senses. The first, probably the correct one, is that they should not concern themselves with the world at all. It is not their job to save it. They must leave it where God has put it - outside the Temple or the church. In fact, if the Two Witnesses were to spend their time worrying about all the people in the world, they could not accomplish their work of measuring the Temple.

So, God says, "Throw out any idea that the world's people fall into your area of responsibility. The world is not your concern." We could also understand His command to mean, "The world is My concern, and I already have a plan to deal with it - at another time." It forces the Two Witnesses into a narrow work—solely to the church at this point because that is where it needs to start.

The second sense is that this verse suggests removing worldliness from the church. That, of course, would be covered in God's command to measure the Temple. So, the first sense - that they should ignore the world at this point - is more probable. God has that work reserved for another period, for other servants. He will take care of most of the world's people in His own time.

It has never been the church's job to try to save the world. Its job has been to preach the gospel as a witness, but it cannot actually save the world's people. God does the saving. He is the One who calls - invites or summons - an individual He wants to save. The church has been commanded to go out and preach the message, the gospel. If anyone responds to it, then the church must teach, baptize, and usher the individual into the church's fellowship for spiritual growth toward the image of Christ.

The idea that we in the church must save the world is entirely erroneous. Christians of this world believe that if we fail to reach everyone now, they will never be saved. It is simply not the case! God has already reserved a future time and a method to save them. He says that most of the people who have lived on this earth will be saved. He says that specifically about Israel, and it applies to most of the Gentiles as well because He wants everyone to come to repentance (II Peter 3:9). He will save them by bringing them into contact with the truth and giving them the Holy Spirit so they can understand - but in due time, not now.

He emphasizes this fact to the Two Witnesses. They are not to go out into the world - the outer court - to conduct crusades to bring in millions of new members. It is not their job. They are not to do for the world as they do for the church because it would waste their time and resources. Because it is blinded, the world cannot understand God's way right now, so the Two Witnesses' preaching would go right over their heads. The emphasis in Greek suggests they should not even try to go there! As their name suggests, their work will be one of making a witness, not of bringing the nations into the church.

"The court which is outside" has no part with the church. God will work with those who live through the Great Tribulation and the Day of the Lord in the Millennium. He will work with those who die during that time in the second resurrection, the time of the Great White Throne Judgment.

By the way, the word "Gentiles" here is the word ethnos, from which we get our word "ethnic." It simply means "the nations," "heathen or pagan people," or simply "peoples." In many places, the best translation is "the nations." He is referring to the different kinds of people in this world. They are the ones who inhabit the court outside the temple. Clearly, He is speaking about nations or people who do not know God and who are currently cut off from Him. Perhaps the most general way we could define this is to call them "the unconverted" or "the uncalled."

Richard T. Ritenbaugh
The Two Witnesses (Part Three)


 




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