Commentaries:
Adam Clarke
For dogs have compassed me - This may refer to the Gentiles, the Roman soldiers, and others by whom our Lord was surrounded in his trial, and at his cross.
They pierced my hands and my feet - The other sufferings David, as a type of our Lord, might pass through; but the piercing of the hands and feet was peculiar to our Lord; therefore, this verse may pass for a direct revelavion. Our Lord' s hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross, David' s never were pierced.
But there is a various reading here which is of great importance. Instead of caaru , they pierced, which is what is called the kethib, or marginal reading, and which our translators have followed; the keri or textual reading is caari , as a lion. In support of each reading there are both MSS. and eminent critics. The Chaldee has, "Biting as a lion my hands and my feet;" but the Syriac, Vulgate, Septuagint, Ethiopic, and Arabic read, "they pierced or digged;" and in the Anglo-Saxon the words translate: "They dalve (digged) hands mine, and feet mine."
The Complutensian Polyglot has caaru , they digged or pierced, in the text; for which it gives carah , to cut, dig, or penetrate, in the margin, as the root whence is derived. But the Polyglots of Potken, Antwerp, Paris. and London, have caari in the text; and caaru is referred to in the margin; and this is the case with the most correct Hebrew Bibles. The whole difference here lies between yod and vau . which might easily be mistaken for each other; the former making like a lion; the latter, they pierced. The latter is to me most evidently the true reading.
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