Commentaries:
Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown
Syrians—Though now allies of Ephraim, after Rezin's death they shall join the Assyrians against Ephraim. "Together," in Isaiah 9:11, refers to this. Conquering nations often enlist in their armies the subject races (Isaiah 22:6; compare II Kings 16:9; Jeremiah 35:11), [ABEN EZRA, GESENIUS]. HORSLEY less probably takes "Syrians before," as the Syrians to the east, that is, not Rezin's subjects, but the Assyrians: "Aram" being the common name of Syrians and Assyrians.
Philistines—of Palestine.
behind—from the west: in marking the points of the compass, Orientalists face the east, which is before them: the west is behind. The right hand is the south: the left, the north.
devour—as a ravenous beast (Isaiah 1:20; Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Numbers 14:9).
For all this, etc.—The burden of each strophe.
Other Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown entries containing Isaiah 9:12:
Isaiah 4:5
Isaiah 5:25
Isaiah 9:7
Isaiah 9:8
Jeremiah 4:8
Ezekiel 16:57
Zephaniah 1:4
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