What we see here is the resurrection of the Israelitish people to physical life. Did you notice (we did not cover it in great detail), that God pictured these people as slain. It does not mean that they all died in warfare, but as far as God was concerned, they were the hapless victims of Satan the Devil and his imposition of blindness, of slavery, and warfare.
Even the Israelitish people, though they had God's Word, though they had God's Temple, and though they had God's prophets, are still pictured as being born, living and dying, slain, killed by Satan the Devil without ever knowing God.
Now Ezekiel's vision of a valley of dry bones coming to life in Ezekiel 37:1-14 is a prominent instance of the metaphor of death and resurrection applied to Israel's exile and restoration.
