Commentaries:
Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown
rejoice in the Lord—not merely in the springing pastures, as the brute "beasts" which cannot raise their thoughts higher (Isaiah 61:10; Habakkuk 3:18).
former rain . . . the rain . . . the former . . . the latter rain—The autumnal, or "former rain," from the middle of October to the middle of December, is put first, as Joel prophesies in summer when the locusts' invasion took place, and therefore looks to the time of early sowing in autumn, when the autumnal rain was indispensably required. Next, "the rain," generically, literally, "the showering" or "heavy rain." Next, the two species of the latter, "the former and the latter rain" (in March and April). The repetition of the "former rain" implies that He will give it not merely for the exigence of that particular season when Joel spake, but also for the future in the regular course of nature, the autumn and the spring rain; the former being put first, in the order of nature, as being required for the sowing in autumn, as the latter is required in spring for maturing the young crop. The Margin, "a teacher of righteousness," is wrong. For the same Hebrew word is translated "former rain" in the next sentence, and cannot therefore be differently translated here. Besides, Joel begins with the inferior and temporal blessings, and not till Joel 2:28 proceeds to the higher and spiritual ones, of which the former are the pledge.
moderately—rather, "in due measure," as much as the land requires; literally, "according to right"; neither too much nor too little, either of which extremes would hurt the crop (compare Deuteronomy 11:14; Proverbs 16:15; Jeremiah 5:24; see on Hosea 6:3). The phrase, "in due measure," in this clause is parallel to "in the first month," in the last clause (that is, "in the month when first it is needed," each rain in its proper season). Heretofore the just or right order of nature has been interrupted through your sin; now God will restore it. See my Introduction to Joel.
In an ascending gradation, the land destroyed by the enemy, the beasts of the field, and the children of Zion, the land's inhabitants, are addressed, the former two by personification.
Lord will do great things—In contrast to the "great things" done by the haughty foe (Joel 2:20) to the hurt of Judah stand the "great things" to be done by Jehovah for her benefit (compare Psalms 126:2-3).
Other Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown entries containing Joel 2:23:
Deuteronomy 11:14
Isaiah 12:3
Jeremiah 3:3
Jeremiah 5:24
Jeremiah 31:32
Ezekiel 22:24
Hosea 6:3
Hosea 10:12
Amos 4:7
Zechariah 10:1
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