It is called here in verse 41 "the Feast of Passover." But look now at verse 43. "When they had finished the days...."
Days is plural. How many days are there in the feast of Passover, as the instructions are given back in the Old Testament, in Exodus 12, Leviticus 23, and Numbers 9? One day to the feast of Passover; seven days to the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Verse 43 says "When they had finished [completed] the days." Now what days did He keep?
If He was just keeping Passover in Jerusalem, do you not think Luke would have said, "And having completed the day"? But he says "days." Again we are dealing with a place that is obviously referring to the Days of Unleavened Bread (plural), but it is being called "Passover."
Let us look at that again. Some advocates of a 15th Passover claim that this verse shows that Jesus kept a 15th Passover. It does nothing of the kind, but this is to them a proof-text. What it is saying here in Luke 2:41 and 43 is that He kept the days (plural) of Unleavened Bread in Jerusalem. It does not say that He kept the Passover there, but He may also have kept it there. You see, it is not a proof-text for the keeping of either a 14th Passover or a 15th Passover in Jerusalem. It is a proof-text for sure that He kept the Days (plural) of Unleavened Bread there. What it does show then is that Jesus was keeping the commandments of God in regard to the Days (plural) of Unleavened Bread.