Commentaries:
Barnes' Notes
In him was life - The evangelist had just affirmed John 5:3 that by the ́ Logos or "Word" the world was originally created. One part of that creation consisted "in breathing into man the breath of life," Genesis 2:7. God is declared to be "life," or the "living" God, because he is the source or fountain of life. This attribute is here ascribed to Jesus Christ. He not merely made the material worlds, but he also gave "life." He was the agent by which the vegetable world became animated; by which brutes live; and by which man became a living soul, or was endowed with immortality. This was a "higher" proof that the "Word was God," than the creation of the material worlds; but there is another sense in which he was "life." The "new creation," or the renovation of man and his restoration from a state of sin, is often compared with the "first creation;" and as the ́ Logos was the source of "life" then, so, in a similar but higher sense, he is the source of "life" to the soul dead in trespasses and sins, Ephesians 2:1. And it is probably in reference to this that he is so often called "life" in the writings of John. "For as the Father hath life in himself, so hath he given to the Son to have life in him self," John 5:26; "He giveth life unto the world," John 6:33; "I am the resurrection and the life," John 11:25; "This is the true God and eternal life," John 5:20. See also I John 1:1-2; I John 5:11; Acts 3:15; Colossians 3:4. The meaning is: that he is the source or the fountain of both natural and spiritual life. Of course he has the attributes of God.
The life was the light of men - "Light" is that by which we see objects distinctly. The light of the sun enables us to discern the form, the distance, the magnitude, and the relation of objects, and prevents the perplexities and dangers which result from a state of darkness. Light is in all languages, therefore, put for "knowledge" - for whatever enables us to discern our duty, and that saves us from the evils of ignorance and error. "Whatsoever doth make manifest is light," Ephesians 5:13. See Isaiah 8:20; Isaiah 9:2. The Messiah was predicted as the "light" of the world, Isaiah 9:2, compared with Matthew 4:15-16; Isaiah 60:1. See John 8:12; "I am the light of the world;" John 12:35-36, John 12:46; "I am come a light into the world." The meaning is, that the ́ Logos or Word of God is the "instructor or teacher" of mankind. This was done before his advent by his direct agency in giving man reason or understanding, and in giving his law, for the "law was ordained by angels ' in the hand of a mediator' " Galatians 3:19; after his advent by his personal ministry when on earth, by his Spirit John 14:16, John 14:26, and by his ministers since, Ephesians 4:11; I Corinthians 12:28.
Other Barnes' Notes entries containing John 1:4:
Proverbs 4:4-20
Proverbs 8:22
Proverbs 8:35
Isaiah 2:5
Isaiah 42:6
Matthew 5:14
John 3:19
John 5:24
John 5:35
John 6:33
John 8:12
John 9:5
John 11:25
John 12:35
John 14:6
John 15:5
Acts 2:24
Acts 3:15
Acts 5:20
Acts 13:47
Acts 26:18
Romans 2:19
1 Corinthians 15:45
2 Corinthians 4:6
2 Corinthians 6:14
Ephesians 5:14
Colossians 1:12
Colossians 3:4
1 John 1:5
1 John 2:8
1 John 5:11
1 John 5:20
1 John 5:20
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