Commentaries:
Robertson's Word Pictures (NT)
Him (touton). "This one," resumptive and emphatic object of "did crucify and slay."
Being delivered up (ekdoton). Verbal adjective from ekdidwmi, to give out or over. Old word, but here only in the N.T. Delivered up by Judas, Peter means.
By the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God (th wrismenh boulh kai prognwsh tou qeou). Instrumental case. Note both purpose (boulh) and foreknowledge (prognwsiv) of God and "determined" (wrismenh, perfect passive participle, state of completion). God had willed the death of Jesus (John 3:16) and the death of Judas (Acts 1:16), but that fact did not absolve Judas from his responsibility and guilt (Luke 22:22). He acted as a free moral agent.
By the hand (dia xeirov). Luke is fond of these figures (hand, face, etc.) very much like the Hebrew though the vernacular of all languages uses them.
Lawless men (anomwn). Men without law, who recognize no law for their conduct, like men in high and low stations today who defy the laws of God and man. Old word, very common in the LXX.
Ye did crucify (prosphcantev). First aorist active participle of prosphgnumi, rare compound word in Dio Cassius and here only in the N.T. One must supply tw staurw and so it means "fastened to the cross," a graphic picture like Paul's "nailed to the cross" (proshlwsav tw staurw) in Colossians 2:14.
Did slay (aneilate). Second aorist active indicative with first aorist vowel a instead of o as is common in the Koin‚. This verb anairew, to take up, is often used for kill as in Acts 12:2. Note Peter's boldness now under the power of the Holy Spirit. He charges the people to their faces with the death of Christ.
Other Robertson's Word Pictures (NT) entries containing Acts 2:23:
Acts 2:16
Acts 3:18
Acts 5:31
Acts 5:33
Acts 7:25
Acts 10:39
Romans 1:4
1 Corinthians 9:21
1 Thessalonians 2:15
1 Peter 1:2
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