Commentaries:
Robertson's Word Pictures (NT)
Wormwood (o Ayinqov). Absinthe. Usually feminine (h), but masculine here probably because asthr is masculine. Only here in N.T. and not in LXX (pikria, bitterness, xolh, gall, etc.) except by Aquila in Proverbs 5:4; Jeremiah 9:15; Jeremiah 23:15. There are several varieties of the plant in Palestine.
Became wormwood (egeneto eiv ayinqon). This use of eiv in the predicate with ginomai is common in the LXX and the N.T. (Revelation 16:19; John 16:20; Acts 5:36).
Of the waters (ek twn udatwn). As a result of (ek) the use of the poisoned waters.
Were made bitter (epikranqhsan). First aorist passive indicative of pikrainw. Old verb (from pikrov, bitter), as in Revelation 10:9 f. In a metaphorical sense to embitter in Colossians 3:19.
Other Robertson's Word Pictures (NT) entries containing Revelation 8:11:
Colossians 3:19
Revelation 10:9
Revelation 11:13
Revelation 16:3
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