Commentaries:
Barnes' Notes
And the foundations of the wall of the city - notes on Revelation 21:14.
Were garnished - Were adorned, or decorated. That is, the foundations were composed of precious stones, giving them this highly ornamented and brilliant appearance.
The first foundation - The first "row, layer, or course." notes on Revelation 21:14.
Was jasper - See the notes on Revelation 4:3.
The second, sapphire - This stone is not elsewhere mentioned in the New Testament. It is a precious stone, next in hardness to the diamond, usually of an azure or sky-blue color, but of various shades.
The third, a chalcedony - This word occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. The stone referred to is an uncrystallized translucent variety of quartz, having a whitish color, and of a luster nearly like wax. It is found covering the sides of cavities, and is a deposit from filtrated silicious waters. When it is arranged in "stripes," it constitutes "agate" ; and if the stripes are horizontal, it is the "onyx." The modern "carnelian" is a variety of this. The carnelian is of a deep flesh red, or reddishwhite color. The name chalcedony is from "Chalcedon," a town in Asia Minor, opposite to Byzantium, or Constantinople, where this stone was probably first known (Webster' s Dictionary).
The fourth, an emerald - See the notes on Revelation 4:3. The emerald is green.
Other Barnes' Notes entries containing Revelation 21:19:
Isaiah 54:11
Revelation 21:14
Revelation 21:18
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