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2 Peter 1:5
"Virtue" in verse 5 is the Greek word areté, a difficult concept to define. The difficulty can be seen in the various ways it is translated in modern Bibles: "resolution," "goodness," "moral character," "manliness," "noble character," "real goodness of life," "moral excellence," and simply "excellence." The key to resolving this seems to be found in the usage of this term in the Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint. Areté is found in Isaiah 42:8, 12, and 43:21 as the Greek translation of a Hebrew word that means "praise." » Isaiah 42:8: "I am the LORD, that is My name; and My glory I will not give to another, nor My praise [areté] to carved images." » Isaiah 42:12: "Let them give glory to the LORD, and declare His praise [areté] in the coastlands." » Isaiah 43:21: "This people I have formed for Myself; they shall declare My praise [areté]." When we compare these Greek Old Testament uses of areté with New Testament occurrences of this same term, the meaning begins to come into focus: » Philippians 4:8 (English Standard Version [ESV]): "Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence [areté], if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things." (Emphasis ours throughout.) » I Peter 2:9 (ESV): "But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies [areté] of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light." » II Peter 1:3 (ESV): "His divine power has granted to us all things that pertain to life and godliness, through the knowledge of him who called us to his own glory and excellence [areté]." The King James Version's use of "virtue" as a translation of areté suggests a singular characteristic or quality of God. However, its Greek usage indicates that we should understand it as those things for which God is praised or praiseworthy. In Isaiah 42 and 43, it is in context with the glory of God. God's glory is one of His excellencies, for which He is worthy of praise. In summation, the excellence of God is His glorious nature, which we should pursue as the goal of our character development to the praise and glory of God. In II Peter 1:5, Peter writes we are to "add to" faith. Initially, in the Athenian drama festivals, this term meant "to finance, support, or back a chorus," and the idea of providing financial support is primary to most usages of the word in Christian literature. It is similar to our idiom, "Put your money where your mouth is." What this implies is that Peter is calling upon believers to put everything they have into supporting their faith with virtue, knowledge, self-control, etc. In our pursuit of excellence, the glorious nature of God, we are to do our very best—give everything we have—to support this precious faith we have been given.
Clyde Finklea
The Pursuit of Excellence (Part One)
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