Commentaries:
Robertson's Word Pictures (NT)
Knowing (eidotev). Second perfect participle of eidon (oida), giving the reason for the previous exhortation to glory in tribulations. He gives a linked chain, one linking to the other (tribulation qliyiv, patience upomonh, experience dokimh, hope elpiv) running into verse Romans 5:5. On dokimh, see II Corinthians 2:9.
Other Robertson's Word Pictures (NT) entries containing Romans 5:4:
Romans 5:11
Romans 5:12
Romans 8:6
2 Corinthians 2:9
2 Corinthians 6:10
James 1:12
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