Commentaries:
Robertson's Word Pictures (NT)
The cup of blessing (to pothrion thv eulogiav). The cup over which we pronounce a blessing as by Christ at the institution of the ordinance.
A communion of the blood of Christ (koinwnia tou aimatov tou Xristou). Literally, a participation in (objective genitive) the blood of Christ. The word koinwnia is an old one from koinwnov, partner, and so here and Philippians 2:1; Philippians 3:10. It can mean also fellowship (Galatians 2:9) or contribution (II Corinthians 8:4; Philippians 1:5). It is, of course, a spiritual participation in the blood of Christ which is symbolized by the cup. Same meaning for koinwnia in reference to "the body of Christ."
The bread which we break (ton arton on klwmen). The loaf. Inverse attraction of the antecedent (arton) to the case (accusative) of the relative (on) according to classic idiom (Robertson, Grammar, p. 488). Artov probably from arw, to join or fit (flour mixed with water and baked). The mention of the cup here before the bread does not mean that this order was observed for see the regular order of bread and then cup in I Corinthians 11:24-27.
Other Robertson's Word Pictures (NT) entries containing 1 Corinthians 10:16:
Acts 2:42
Acts 20:7
1 Corinthians 14:16
2 Corinthians 6:16
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