Exodus 1:13 - Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown

Exodus 1:13

11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them ^ato afflict them with their ^bburdens. And they built for Pharaoh ^csupply cities, Pithom ^dand Raamses.

12 But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were in dread of the children of Israel.

13 So the Egyptians made the children of Israel ^aserve with rigor.

14 And they ^amade their lives bitter with hard bondage—^bin mortar, in brick, and in all manner of service in the field. All their service in which they made them serve was with rigor.

15 Then the king of Egypt spoke to the ^aHebrew midwives, of whom the name of one was Shiphrah and the name of the other Puah;

16 and he said, “When you do the duties of a midwife for the Hebrew women, and see them on the birthstools, if it is a ^ason, then you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live.”

17 But the midwives ^afeared God, and did not do ^bas the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the male children alive.

Commentaries:

Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown

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Exodus 1:14 >>

Exodus 1:13-14

The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick—Ruins of great brick buildings are found in all parts of Egypt. The use of crude brick, baked in the sun, was universal in upper and lower Egypt, both for public and private buildings; all but the temples themselves were of crude brick. It is worthy of remark that more bricks bearing the name of Thothmes III, who is supposed to have been the king of Egypt at the time of the Exodus, have been discovered than of any other period [WILKINSON]. Parties of these brickmakers are seen depicted on the ancient monuments with "taskmasters," some standing, others in a sitting posture beside the laborers, with their uplifted sticks in their hands.

Other Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown entries containing Exodus 1:13:

Ezekiel 34:4

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Exodus 1:14 >>

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