Revelation 18:13

Cinnamon (kinnamwmon). Old word transliterated into English, here only in N.T. Of Phoenician origin (Herodotus) as to name and possibly from South China.

Spice (amwmon). A fragrant plant of India, amomum, for perfume.

Incense (qumiamata). See Revelation 5:8; Revelation 8:3.

Ointment (muron). See Matthew 26:7.

Frankincense (libanon). See Revelation 8:3.

Fine flour (semidalin). Old word for finest wheaten flour, here only in N.T.

Of horses (ippwn). Here then is a return to the construction of the genitive after gomon in verse Revelation 18:12, though not used here, an anomalous genitive construction (Charles).

Of chariots (redwn). A Gallic word for a vehicle with four wheels, here only in N.T.

Of slaves (somatwn). "Of bodies," treated as animals or implements, like the horses and the chariots (cf. rickshaw men in China). This use of swma for slave occurs in Genesis 34:29; Tobit 10:11 (swmata kai kthnh, slaves and cattle); II Macc. 8:11.

Souls of men (yuxav anqrwpwn). Deissmann (Bible Studies, p. 160) finds this use of swma for slave in the Egyptian Delta. Return to the accusative yuxav. From Numbers 31:35; I Chronicles 5:21; Ezekiel 27:13. This addition is an explanation of the use of swmata for slaves, "human live stock" (Swete), but slaves all the same. Perhaps kai here should be rendered "even," not "and": "bodies even souls of men." The slave merchant was called swmatemporov (body merchant).